ABSTRACT Turning residual biomass into bioenergy promotes rational environmental waste disposal and turn it into a source of energy. In the last decade, the idea of using lignocellulosic biomass to make second-generation (2G) biofuels has become more popular in the energy industry. Thus, this study aimed to show the potential of residual lignocellulosic biomass as raw material for clean and sustainable energy and the technological advances focused on making it economically viable. A narrative review was adopted, in which the material used in the bibliographic survey was organized from scientific sources collected in high-relevance databases. The various factors presented in the review guarantee that the use of lignocellulosic biomass is considered a promising substrate. Furthermore, it indicates a solution to the competition between food supply and fuel production, which occurs with first-generation biofuels, which in the long term seem to be unsustainable. However, despite technological advances for its production and commercialization on a large scale, investment in scientific research is necessary to make the adopted technologies viable. decade secondgeneration second generation 2G G (2G industry Thus viable highrelevance high relevance databases substrate Furthermore firstgeneration first unsustainable However scale

The operational conditions of β-galactosidase encapsulated in pectin-alginate hydrogel were investigated as well as its catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of lactose from whey and whole milk. β-Galactosidase encapsulated in pectin-alginate hydrogel showed the best results to yields and diffusional effect and pH range. Thermostability showed considerable income gain for half-life (1.7-fold), activation energy of denaturation (31.6-fold), activation of denaturation (217.3-fold at 40 ºC; 266.8-fold at 50 ºC; 345.6-fold at 60 ºC), and entropy of activation of denaturation (-42.0 J mol 1 K-1). Reusability of encapsulated β-galactosidase was observed in 8-cycles for the milk whey lactose hydrolysis (51.9%) and 7-cycles for whole milk (55.6%), and the lactose hydrolysis was observed in 13% in milk whey and 10.3% in whole milk after 10 cycles. These results revealed an industrial application potential of β-galactosidase encapsulated in pectin-alginate hydrogel for lactose hydrolysis of milk whey and whole milk processes.